The difference between a tri-band and a dual-band two way radio lies primarily in the range of frequencies they can access
Dual-Band Radios
These radios can operate on two different frequency bands. Typically, dual-band radios cover the 2-meter band (144-148 MHz) and the 70-centimeter band (420-450 MHz). These are the most common bands used by amateur radio operators. Users can switch between different bands depending on their communication needs or local repeater availability.
Tri-Band Radios
Tri-band radios can operate on three different frequency bands, adding more versatility. Along with the standard 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands, tri-band radios commonly include either the 1.25-meter band (220-225 MHz) or sometimes a UHF or VHF band depending on the model and manufacturer. This additional band provides users more options for communication, particularly in areas where the 1.25-meter band is popular or when looking to reach different groups of radio enthusiasts.
The choice between a dual-band and a tri-band radio often depends on your specific needs, the prevalent bands used in your area, and whether you require the extra frequency offered by tri-band radios for your communications. Tri-band radios are particularly valuable in enhancing connectivity and flexibility, making them a preferred choice for radio amateurs who need broader access to different bands.
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Source: https://www.onesdr.com/dual-band-vs-tri-band-radio/